Monday, February 18, 2013

Starving for a Win: The Role of Eating Disorders in Female Athletics




 


     As a little girl I used to sit on the floor with my eyes glued to the TV as women in beautiful, sparkling outfits floated effortlessly across the ice and jumped and twirled with nothing but absolute grace.  I had the same admiration for my ballet instructor whose every move was fluid and gentle.  I idolized these women, and aspired to one day not only be able to move like them but also to look as perfect as them.  What I didn’t realize at the time, at least not consciously,  was that all of these women had one thing in common: they were thin.  It wasn’t until I watched a movie during health class in middle school about ballerinas that struggle with eating disorders that I realized my idols may have been suffering underneath of the smiles and glitter.  As Joan Ryan illustrates in her book Little Girls in Pretty Boxes elite female athletes face such enormous pressure to be thin that they often suffer from major physical and emotional health problems.  The reason that I never saw anything but beautiful smiling faces as a child is that female athletes do a great amount of emotion work.  When a female athlete fails in her performance she must not show even the slightest bit of frustration; she must remain the composed and professional athlete that the judges and her coaches expect her to be.  For this reason, eating disorders are often hidden by female athletes who do not want to risk losing their spot in competitions and being dismissed by authoritarian coaches.  A USA Today article documents how coaches often warn their athletes about gaining weight and contribute to the soaring number of female athletes with eating disorders (http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2006-02-05-women-health-cover_x.htm).
     Although female athletes disguise their problematic relationships with food, there have been increasing reports of women who have shared their stories. One of these stories is about track and field star Sarah Sumpter, whose untrained high school coaches did nothing to aid her in battling her disorder.  They may have simply been uninformed about eating disorders, or they may have ignored it because for every pound Sarah lost she ran faster and faster.  The article points out that while NCAA coaches receive nutritional training, high school coaches are not required to receive training and do not have nutritionists on hand to turn to with questions (http://espn.go.com/blog/high-school/girl/post/_/id/1648/does-a-hunger-to-win-fuel-eating-disorders).
    Sarah Sumpter’s sport is included in the list of sports that encourage thin bodies.  These sports, including gymnastics, dancing, and figure skating, are often flush with female competitors.  However, there are many men that also compete in these sports.  So why don’t they suffer from eating disorders as often as women?  The answer lies within sociocultural factors that shape how men and women view themselves. While men are encouraged to get bigger by gaining muscle, women are encouraged to be thinner.  Unfortunately, our culture reinforces the image of the slight, petite, skinny woman rather than the healthy, strong, self assured woman.  Although awareness is increasing, there are still little girls all over the country that watch with their eyes glued to the screen as their tiny idols flip, twirl, and dance across mats, rinks, and stages and aspire to one day not only perform like them but also to be thin like them. 
 
Hellmich, N. (2006, February 05). Athletes' hunger to win fuels eating disorders. Retrieved from  http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2006-02-05-women-health-cover_x.htm
Ryan, Joan.  Little Girls in Pretty Boxes:  The Making and Breaking of Elite Gymnasts and Figure Skaters.  2000.
 
Savacool, J. (2012, February 29). Does a hunger to win fuel eating disorders?. Retrieved from       http://espn.go.com/blog/high-school/girl/post/_/id/1648/does-a-hunger-to-win-fuel-eating-disorders
 

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